Thursday, January 30, 2020
Psychology Essay Example for Free
Psychology Essay Repression is one of the most recurring concepts in psychology. Something dreadful happens and the mind pushes the experience into remote place of the perception. It is one of the key base on which the structure of psychoanalysis rests. Two empirical studies show high degree of trust in the accuracy of the recovered recall heard by many therapists from their clients. Goodman (1991) conducted a large scale study of clinicians who have come across, in their practice, ritualistic and religion-related abuse cases such as allegations of highly peculiar and shocking immoral ritual abuse in the context of an alleged enormous, hidden network of well thought-out, Tran generational satanic cults. Statement of the problem Clients with SRA memories have reported in depth memories of abuse and experiences being used by cults during adolescence as serial baby breeders to provide undetectable infants for ritual sacrifices, (Rogers, 1992b). Bottoms et al. s (1991) analysis indicates that 30% of the clinicians interviewed had seen at least one case of child sexual abuse. Further investigation of 200 clinicians experiences shows that a considerable number of cases involved amnesic periods. Most of the clinicians believed that the so-called harm was actually done and that the ritualistic aspects were actually experienced by the clients. The focus of this study therefore will be based on the investigation of adult memories of childhood abuse. This will include re-examination of some of widely common belief of psychotherapist. For many years the therapist has believed that repressed memory is a great influence, since they are accessible to perception (Bowers, 1992). This research will investigate if there is any proof to support this augment. This study will be based on the following assumption: The psychotherapist ‘s interpretation is the cause of the patient’s disorder, those who cannot memorize a traumatic event at childhood are repressing their memory, those who dream about trauma are in fact in contact with accurate memory. Literature review A different approach to the issue of therapist belief was taken by Loftus and Herzog (1991). They carry out a detailed interview with 16 clinicians who had experienced at least one repressed memory case. The outcomes reveal that about 81 percent of the clinicians always believed in their clients. The most common foundation for belief was symptomatology, or body memories. Many clinicians believe that determining what is genuine and what is not genuine is not the job of a therapist. The conclusion from this study was that therapists believe their clients and often use symptomatology as a proof. The clinicians are overwhelmed with the emotional hurt that accompanies the expression of the memories. (Dawes, 1992) has argued that this wave of belief is based in large part on authority and social consent. There are those with stand positions who would like to reject the accuracy of all repressed memories and those who would accept them all as true. (Van Benschoten, 1990) agued that, these extreme positions will only worsen our troubles. According to Ganaway (1989) if memory is not authentic then it could be due to dream, false impression, or hallucination which is internally derived as a justifiable mechanism. Daro, 1988), agued that childhood sexual abuse is terribly common among different people and according to (Freyd, 1991); even the most conservative of them are high enough to support the enormity of child abuse. Many people who come for therapy were abused in the past when they were children and have always recalled their abuses and give all the possible evidence of being abuse in the past. The abuse may sometime be corroborated with pornographic photographs and thus may lead to un-authenticity of the memory. Repressed memory abuse cases could be authentic if the abuses are confirmed to be prevalence. However when memories ,do not return for 20 to 30 years, documented corroboration might be few, but this does not implies that the such memories are not true. Mack (1980) reported on a 27-year-old man who, recalled memories of seeing his mother trying to hang herself. Later, his father confirmed that in many occasion the mother had tried to killed herself and that the son had witnessed one attempt when he was only 3 years old. And this confirmation apparently led to a relief of symptoms in the son. Sometime memory might be said to be false and that does not implies that such person is actually lying. The psychotherapists who question the accuracy of reports have been overwhelmed with the honesty and intensity of the terror, rage, guilt, depression, and overall behavioral dysfunction accompanying the understanding of abuse (Ganaway, 1989,). Memories according to Ganaway (1989) could be brought about as a result of internal or external sources. The internal factor which produces an abuse memory may give a screen for more ordinary but, ironically, less tolerable, painful experiences of childhood. From the above literature we understand that if memory is untrue, then it will certainly lead to severe damage to the repetitive of potentially innocent people (Ganaway, 1989). This work therefore will investigate how to establish a factual memory, and its finding will be applied in the clinical, societies, and also for handling the patients of childhood trauma. Methodology This chapter covers the following sections: participants, apparatus, design, and the procedures for carrying out this study. Participants A group of 80 a adult out patients with a reported memory of childhood a buse will be randomly selected Their level of continuous recall, will be tested ands the possible factors which led to the delay of recall will concurrently be investigated. Various abuses will be then be investigated (sexual abuse and physical abuse). At least one of the clinical therapist specialists will also be investigated on how they have been handling abuse cases. Apparatus The study will make use of the questionnaires, interview guides and observation to carry bout its research. These instruments will be administered by the researcher and the research assistant. Questionnaire schedules will be used to collect information from the outpatients because a great deal of the information can be obtained from the respondents directly through questionnaires in a short time. The information included continuity of memory, precipitants to delayed recall of childhood trauma, and the sources of memory confirmation. Oral interviews guidelines will also be used to collect information from the heads of the clinical therapist to verify information on the questionnaires. Interviews are advantageous because of face-to face interpersonal interaction. Non participants’ observation method will be used to collect information on the various respondents given either by the outpatients or the clinical therapist specialist. Procedures The research will start by preparation of the materials to be used for the study after carrying out a pilot study to verify the efficient of the materials. With the help of the research assistant, the questionnaires will be distributed to the selected respondents and they will be expected to fill them on the agreed period. Possible guideline will be issued to assist them understand the questions to be answered. Time, space and materials will be organized for the interview, and this will be set based on the respondent prevalence. Transport and allowances will be set aside as a way of appeasing the respondent. Cameras and radio tapes will also be used to capture the procedures. Data analysis and presentation The data collected from the field will be analyzed and presented by use of descriptive statistics and other quantitative methods. These include the use of averages, percentages, deviations, variance and ranking. Percentages will be used to analyzed the number of the occurrences of the abuse, where the ranking be used to analyze the trend or the frequency of the abuse. Averages will be used to analyze the approximate number of people in the population affected by the trauma. This research will adopt the use SPSS and Microsoft Excel computer programmes.
Wednesday, January 22, 2020
Math Lesson Plan :: essays research papers
Lesson Plan Guide Topic: Math (To investigate and explore multiplication facts) Objectives In this activity, students will investigate and explore multiplication facts. The students will: †¢Ã‚     Work in groups to device a plan for making a multiplication matrix †¢Ã‚     Construct a multiplication matrix †¢Ã‚     Reflect on the patterns they observe in the matrix Material For each group †¢Ã‚     1 cm grid paper †¢Ã‚     full sheets of paper †¢Ã‚     glue †¢Ã‚     scissors For the class †¢Ã‚     36†X 48†butcher paper Preparation †¢Ã‚     Make approximately 10 copies of 1 cm grid paper on colored paper for each group of students. †¢Ã‚     Cut one piece of 36†X 48†butcher paper. †¢Ã‚     Start the multiplication matrix by placing four or five rectangles on the matrix. Procedure a.     Mini-lesson: †¢Ã‚     I will begin the lesson by showing the class the multiplication chart I prepared. I will ask pivotal questions to start a discussion, â€Å"What do you think this chart shows†?, â€Å"What do the side numbers mean†? †¢Ã‚     I will point to a rectangle and ask, â€Å"What can you tell me about this rectangle†? †¢Ã‚     I will hold up a grid paper rectangle with 4 rows of 6 and ask, â€Å"How many rows are in this rectangle?, How many squares in each row?, How many in all†? †¢Ã‚     I will then ask the students â€Å"Where do you think this rectangle belongs on the chart†? (I will encourage students to use the â€Å"rows of†language to help in determining the placement of rectangles on the chart). †¢Ã‚     Next, I will say â€Å"Today you will be working in groups to create a multiplication matrix†. †¢Ã‚     I will tell students that they need to devise a plan to make sure that all of the rectangles they need to show will fit on the butcher paper. †¢Ã‚     I will point to an empty space on the matrix and ask, â€Å"What will the rectangle for this space look like?, What equation will you write on it†? †¢Ã‚     We will discuss how although 2 X 4 and 4 X 2 have the same product, the two problems mean different things. b.     Group Work: †¢Ã‚     As students work together to construct the multiplication matrix I will visit with groups and ask some of the following questions: 1.     What part of the matrix are you working on now? 2.     How did you organize the cutting? 3.     Were there any problems? Tell me about them. 4.     Did you change your strategy? 5.     Did you find tricks to make the cutting faster? Show me what you did.
Tuesday, January 14, 2020
Organic Food vs. Non Organic Food Essay
In today’s society you walk into a grocery store and you always have the option of organic or non organic food. There are even grocery stores dedicated to organic foods like Trader Joe’s, Sprouts and Whole Food market. I personally have gone organic and will never go back to eating or drinking non organic food. Organic food may be pricey but less hormones, less cow puss and blood in your milk, and less pesticides. The controversies about organic food vs non organic food is it worth it? My answer is 100 percent yes organic is the way to go. The fruits and vegetables you get at a normal grocery store that are non organic have several pesticides on it. According to the daily green, ‘ eating organic means avoiding the pesticide residue left on foods. †Though there are mixed reviews on if consuming pesticides hurt your immune system, pregnant women are taking the cautionary steps on making sure their future child will be born healthy and not be exposed to pesticides at an early age. On the Dirty Dozen list, apples are the number 1 food source of 2011, with over 40 known pesticides in just 1 apple. Not surprisingly, pesticide residue is also found in apple juice and apple sauce, making all apple products smart foods to buy organic. Strawberries have over 60 pesticides on it, so while you â€Å"wash†your strawberries remember you are eating pesticide residue remains on those strawberries you bought at the food market. 93% of Americans tested by the CDC had metabolites of chlorpyrifos a nuerotoxic insecticide in their urine. Banned from home use because of its risks to children, chlorpyrifos is part of a family of pesticides (organophosphates) linked to ADHD. Women who were exposed to DDT as girls are 5 times more likely to develop breast cancer, according to Panna. Several people are allergic to the growth hormone farmers put in their animals, but are able to eat organic meats because animals raised organically are not allowed to be fed antibiotics, the bovine human growth hormone (rbGH), or other artificial drugs. Animals are also not allowed to eat genetically modified foods. Organic meat the animals are also killed more humane than non organic animals. The animals are raised in a healthier environment, fed organic feed, and often eat a wider range of nutrients than those raised in factory farms (such as would be the case of free-range chickens and ranch cattle). Cbn. com stated, â€Å"In a recent poll, two-thirds of Americans surveyed stated they would like to be able to fit organic foods into their budgets. †Organic food may cost more but less exposure to unnecessary hormones and pesticides is worth it. Organic is the way to go, lower pesticide levels, more nutrients, no antibiotics, no added growth hormones, and environmental responsibility. Although research findings about benefits of organic produce are not conclusive, it is definite that organic stuff is safer than the produce with traces of pesticides. Organic milk, vegetables and fruits are much more expensive than the non-organic but if you can afford it then go for it. If more people start buying organic food then gradually their prices will gradually come down.
Monday, January 6, 2020
Minimum Benefits Of Minimum Wages - 1399 Words
Minimum wages are described as â€Å"the minimum amount of remuneration that an employer is required to pay wage earners for the work/services performed during a given tenure, which cannot be reduced by collective agreement or an individual contract†. Minimum wages can be established by statute, competent decision authority, a wage board, a wage council, or by industrial or labour courts. The significance of minimum wages is to shield workers against disproportionately low pay. They help safeguard an equitable and just share of the fruits of progress to all, and a minimum living wage to all who are employed and in need of such protection. Minimum wages can also be a part of a policy to overcome poverty and reduce inequality, including those†¦show more content†¦This potential loss decreases both firms’ surplus and workers’ surplus. The increase in job search will waste resources and time which contributes to the inefficiency of minimum wage. Dead-weight loss highlights the loss in possible employment, which could have been achieved by labour market approaching equilibrium. Free-Market With Minimum-wage Case 1 With Minimum-wage Case 2 Consumer Surplus 1-2-3 1 1 Producer Surplus 8-9 2-3-4-8-9 2-9 Government Supports - - LS-LD Cost of Government Purchase - - 3-4-5-6-7 Total Surplus 1-2-3-8-9 1-2-9 1-2-9 Dead-weight Loss - 3-8 3-5-6-7-8 In both cases of minimum wage, there is an overall increase in labour supply and an overall reduction in demand of labour. Hence, implementing or increasing minimum wage results in loss of jobs theoretically. However, it also relies on the country s economic activity which may or may not result in loss of jobs. Additionally, case 2 reflects the scenario where the government delivers unemployment benefits to its unemployed citizens. In this case the dead-weight loss is catered by the government which in return puts a great deal of financial burden on the government. Observing with the perspective of the general population - Improved minimum standard of living – It facilitates the lowest paid strata of the society to desire for a better standard of living. - Incentive to work – It encourages unemployed population to find job, due of higher returns for theirShow MoreRelatedMinimum Benefits Of Minimum Wage1359 Words  | 6 PagesMinimum wage is described as â€Å"the minimum amount of remuneration that an employer is required to pay wage earners for the work/services performed during a given tenure, which cannot be reduced by collective agreement or an individual contract†. Minimum wage can be established by statute, competent decision authority, a wage board, a wage council, or by industrial or labour courts. The significance of minimum wage is to shield workers against disproportionately low pay. They help safeguard an equitableRead MoreBenefits Of Minimum Wage1014 Words  | 5 Pages Minimum wage is a struggle for many Americans and I believe it needs to be raised. The minimum wage of the United States is $7.25 an hour. It is a rate that isn’t letting many Americans live life comfortably. If the minimum wage was changed even a merely $3.75 it would change people’s lives and will let many people get by. The minimum wage of $7.25 has stayed the same since 2009 and there hasn’t been any effort by the government to change it. Many states have increased their minimum wage, but IRead MoreThe And Benefits Of A Minimum Wage2730 Words  | 11 Pages The Affects and Advantages of a Minimum Wage 180 Hour 3 Shakopee High School A common saying known throughout the business world, â€Å"time is money†, which applies to every aspect of every work place, yet a something is missing from that saying. The missing element is just how much your time is worth. 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Currently, the minimum wage in the United States is $7.25 per hour. For many years politicians and citizens have argued on what should be the minimum wage that would benefit the economy and society in generalRead MoreBenefits And Disadvantages Of Minimum Wage1957 Words  | 8 Pagesto pay wages inferior to a certain threshold. This activity has important effects on the labor market and even on the global economy. The average wage levels influence not only the rates of employment, and the living conditions of part of the payroll, also a country’s level of education, how much outsourcing is done to countries where (minimum) wages are lower, and even market prices and therefore rates of in flation. Around the world, and for more than a century now, â€Å"since the first minimum wageRead MoreBenefits Of Raising Minimum Wage1291 Words  | 6 Pages In recent years, the demand for an increased minimum wage has erupted across the nation. During the ongoing debate, a few states, cities, counties, and companies have taken the initiative to raise the minimum wage of $7.25 per hour to the varying wages of $7.50-$11.50 per hour. According the United States Labor Department, 29 states and the District of Columbia pay above the minimum federal level of $7.25 per hour. The raising of the minimum wage has numerous supporters; however, there are individuals
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